Sir John Frederick William Herschel
7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871
- invented the cyanotype process and variations
- experimented with color reproduction
- experiments using photosensitive emulsions of vegetable juices (phytotypes)
- discovered platinum process on the basis of light sensitivity of platinum salts
- Unaware that the term photographie had already been coined, Herschel coined the term in 1839
- He discovered sodium thiosulfate to be a solvent of silver halides
- Niépce took what is believed to be the world’s first photogravure etching
- earliest surviving photogravure of a man with a horse and of a woman with a spinning wheel.
- Niépce called his process heliography, which literally means "sun writing".
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
18 November 1787 – 10 July 1851
- French artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography.
- born in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-d'Oise, France.
- In 1939, he was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.
- died on 10 July 1851 in Bry-sur-Marne, 7 mi from Paris. A monument marks his grave
- Daguerre's name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel tower.
- concentrated his attention on the light-sensitive properties of silver salts
- invisibly faint "latent" image created by a much shorter exposure could be chemically "developed" into a visible image
- The resultant plate produced an exact reproduction of the scene. The image was laterally reversed
- a Daguerreotype was almost always sealed under glass before being framed
Name: Alfred Stieglitz
Date/place of birth: Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1864
Trying to communicate: prove that photography was a medium as capable of artistic expression as painting or sculpture
Contributions: editor of Camera Notes, the journal of the Camera Club of New York
Illuminating Photography, From camera Obscura to Camera Phones
1. What does the term Camera Obscura mean? It is Latin for “dark room”
2. What IS a camera Obscura? darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside
3. What were the earliest examples of the principles the Camera Obscura utilizes? the crescent shape of an eclipsing sun holes in a sieve, and gaps between leaves of a tree. Alhazen did experiments with five lanterns outside a room with a small hole. Leonardo Da Vinci gave clear descriptions of camera obscura in his notebooks. Many were large rooms like that illustrated by a Dutch scientist.
4. How does the Camera Obscura work? a dark box that allows light in through a tiny hole and allows the image to be transferred to the opposite side of the hole
5. How was it used? Portable camera obscuras were used as aids for draughtsmen and painters. The camera obscura became the prototype for the modern day camera
6. Who is credited with first using the camera Obscura in painting? Joseph Pennell
7. What role did the Camera Obscura play in the development of photography? It was one of the first cameras
Aristotle understood the optical principle of the camera obscura by viewing
1. What is a Daguerreotype? photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapor.
2. What does it look like? a box with a lens
3. How does it differ from photographs of today? it took a lot longer for light to penetrate
4. What length exposures were needed? 8 hours
5. What were the styles of typical early daguerreotype portraits? rigid, stone-like
6. What were post-mortem photographs and why were they taken? after someone died; to remember them
7. What is a Calotype? early photographic process in which negatives were made using paper coated with silver iodide.
8. What does it look like? a daguerreotype
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